and they are destined for both. The Middle Ages were 
     concerned with techniques that would enable man to 
     remember and to compare many such areas of ideas. 
     Under this impulse, Raymond Lully wrote his Ars Memoria , 
     the Art of Memory. Similar preoccupations also resulted in 
     the early block print, Ars Memorandi , printed about 1470. 
     The author undertook the difficult task of making 
     concrete the themes contained in the Four Gospels. For 
     each Gospel, he created a few images, angels, bulls, lions, 
     and eagles, emblems of the four Evangelists, upon which 
     he imposed objects that were to suggest the stories 
     treated in each chapter. Figure 231 shows the angel 
     (Matthew), containing eight smaller emblems that were 
     to recall Matthew’s eight first chapters. In visualizing 
     every figure of Ars Memorandi  with all their emblems, one 
     would remember the stories of the entire Gospel.